Akdeniz Vertigo Center

Gaze Stabilization Test (GST)

The Gaze Stabilization Test (GST) is a diagnostic tool that evaluates the function of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) by assessing the ability to maintain clear vision on visual targets during head movements.

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The GST measures the vestibular system’s capacity to keep the eyes fixed on a point while the head is in motion. This test is specifically designed to assess the functionality of the VOR, a fundamental reflex of the vestibular system that allows the eyes to stay focused on a target even when the head moves. By evaluating how well the eyes remain fixed on a target during head movement, the GST helps determine if the vestibular system is functioning correctly.

How is the Gaze Stabilization Test Performed?

The test typically involves the following steps:

  1. Head Movements:
    The patient is instructed to move their head in specific directions and at certain speeds (typically horizontal or vertical). It is crucial that the head movements are controlled and maintain a specific speed.
  2. Fixation of the Eyes:
    While moving their head, the patient is asked to keep their eyes fixed on a designated target (e.g., a static point or letter on a screen).
  3. Evaluation of Focus:
    During the test, the ability of the eyes to remain focused on the target—both in terms of duration and accuracy—is observed. If the eyes cannot stay fixed on the target or if focus is lost during head movements, it may indicate a vestibular system dysfunction.

Importance of the Gaze Stabilization Test in Vestibular Evaluation

A properly functioning vestibular system is essential for maintaining visual stability during movement. If the eyes cannot stay focused on a target during head motion, it may signify a VOR dysfunction. VOR impairment can manifest in symptoms such as:

  • Blurred Vision: Blurriness, especially when the head is in motion.
  • Dizziness and Imbalance: A sense of loss of balance due to the inability to stabilize vision.
  • Worsening Symptoms with Head Movements: Rapid head movements may intensify dizziness, nausea, or imbalance.

The GST is a critical diagnostic tool for investigating the cause of these symptoms and evaluating the performance of the vestibular system’s VOR.

Conditions Commonly Assessed with GST

  • Vestibular Neuritis: Inflammation of the vestibular nerve may impair the ability of the eyes to remain fixed.
  • Labyrinthitis: Inner ear inflammation may negatively affect the vestibular system’s eye fixation capability.
  • Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction: Reduced vestibular function in both ears can weaken the VOR.

Treatment Planning Based on GST Results

Abnormal findings in the gaze stabilization test may indicate the need for vestibular rehabilitation. Such rehabilitation programs aim to restore visual fixation during head movements and strengthen the VOR. Through exercises involving head movements and visual focus, these programs help retrain the VOR.

Conclusion

The gaze stabilization test plays a vital role in assessing the vestibular system’s capacity to stabilize the eyes during head movements, contributing to the evaluation of VOR function. This assessment is crucial for diagnosing vestibular disorders and planning effective treatment strategies.

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